What exactly is digital literacy? The term is used quite often, and yet there seems to be a fuzziness about it. It’s easy for this concept to become a catch phrase and a catchall for all things technology. The CEO Forum on Technology and Education’s report, Key Building Blocks for Student Achievement in the 21st Century (2001) offers this definition of digital literacy:
The literacy skills for the digital age include language proficiency, namely, reading, writing, listening and speaking; scientific literacy, defined as the knowledge of science, scientific thinking, mathematics and the relationships between science, mathematics and technology; and, technological literacy, including competence in the use of computers, networks and digital content.
Other definitions include the following:
“Connecting the Digital Dots: Literacy of the 21st Century” by Barbara R. Jones-Kavalier and Suzanne L. Flannigan, Educause Quarterly, Volume 29 Number 2 2006:
Digital literacy represents a person’s ability to perform tasks effectively in a digital environment, with “digital” meaning information represented in numeric form and primarily for use by a computer. Literacy includes the ability to read and interpret media (text, sound, images), to reproduce data and images through digital manipulation, and to evaluate and apply new knowledge gained from digital environments.
“New Strategies for Assessing Digital Literacy: Connecting Research and Policy - NECC 2003 Spotlight Session” by Margaret Honey, Cornelia Brunner, Diny Golder-Dardis, Cheryl Lemke, Joyce Malyn-Smith, June 2003:
A range of business, government, and research organizations are calling for students to master “digital literacy,” a critical approach to technology use that moves beyond the mastery of technical skills and includes knowing how to:
* Analyze new media messages critically,
* Create media products that present information accurately and persuasively, and
* Take full advantage of technology’s capacity to support effective communication.
It is increasingly necessary for students to attain these skills if they are to become successful members of society and thoughtful citizens.
The Partnership for 21st Century Skills contextualizes these types of skills (as information and communications literacy), among others, as part of a unified vision for 21st century learning:
1. Core Subjects.
The No Child Left Behind Act of 2001, which reauthorizes the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965, identifies the core subjects as English, reading or language arts; mathematics; science; foreign languages; civics; government; economics; arts; history; and geography.
2. 21st Century Content.
Several significant, emerging content areas are critical to success in communities and workplaces. These content areas typically are not emphasized in schools today:
* Global awareness
* Financial, economic, business and entrepreneurial literacy
* Civic literacy
* Health and wellness awareness
3. Learning and Thinking Skills.
As much as students need to learn academic content, they also need to know how to keep learning - and make effective and innovative use of what they know - throughout their lives. Learning and Thinking Skills are comprised of:
* Critical Thinking and Problem Solving Skills
* Communication Skills
* Creativity and Innovation Skills
* Collaboration Skills
* Information and Media Literacy Skills
* Contextual Learning Skills
[note: information and media skills are defined by the Partnership as: “analyzing, accessing, managing, integrating, evaluating and creating information in a variety of forms and media. Understanding the role of media in society.”]
4. ICT Literacy.
Information and communications technology (ICT) literacy is the ability to use technology to develop 21st century content knowledge and skills, in support of 21st century teaching and learning.
5. Life Skills.
Good teachers have always incorporated life skills into their pedagogy. The challenge today is to incorporate these essential skills into schools deliberately, strategically and broadly. Life skills include:
* Leadership
* Ethics
* Accountability
* Adaptability
* Personal Productivity
* Personal Responsibility
* People Skills
* Self Direction
* Social Responsibility
6. 21st Century Assessments.
Authentic 21st century assessments are the essential foundation of a 21st century education. Assessments must measure all five results that matter - core subjects; 21st century content; learning skills; ICT literacy; and life skills. To be effective, sustainable and affordable, assessments must use modern technologies to increase efficiency and timeliness. Standardized tests alone can measure only a few of the important skills and knowledge students should learn. A balance of assessments, including high-quality standardized testing along with effective classroom assessments, offers students a powerful way to master the content and skills central to success.
Source: P21 Framework for 21st Century Learning
This holistic approach seems somewhat more realistic and satisfactory. It provides a clearer context for our work and lays out a road map for achievement. Folding information and media skills under Learning and Thinking Skills makes it more organic to how people learn; it is another skill and resource for lifelong learning. In parallel, ICT is singled out as a means for developing and supporting learning and teaching, and not as an end in and of itself. Most of us understand this, but in the midst of work and its pressures, it is all too often easy to lose sight of this goal.
No doubt as we better understand how we learn and the skills we need to thrive as citizens in an ever-changing world these ideas will continue to be refined and shaped. Are there other definitions of digital literacy that speak to you? How does our work as Jewish educators and learners mesh with these 21st century skills? What other skills would we include for the 58th/21st century Jewish learner and educator?